1. 对立法：先引出其他人的不同看法，然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法，适用于有争议性的主题。 

[1] When asked about..., the vast / overwhelming majority of people say that … But I think / view a bit differently. 

当被问及...的话题，大多数人认为，但是我却持有一点反对意见。 

[2] When it comes to ..., some people believe that… Others argue / claim that the opposite / reverse is true. There is probably some truth in both arguments / statements, but I tend to the former / latter. 

一提到...一些人相信...然后另一部分人却不这么认为。这两种观点都有相对正确的地方，但我更倾向于前者(后者) 

[3] Now, it is commonly / generally / widely believed / held / acknowledged that... They claim / believe / argue that ... But I wonder / doubt whether...

现在，普遍的观点认为...他们坚信...但我对此却表示怀疑...  

2. 现象法：引出要剖析的现象或者问题，然后评论。 

[1] Recently the rise in the problem / phenomenon of ... has cause / aroused public / popular / wide / worldwide concern. 

近来有个现象(问题)不断发生...并且已经受到公众广泛关注。 

[2] Recently the issue of the problem / phenomenon of ... has been brought into focus / into public attention. 

最近关于...的现象（问题）已经进入了公众的视线。 

[3] Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now / constantly. 

社会不平等社会问题已经成为了新的可怕的真相，使我们不得不持续地面对。 

3. 观点法：开门见山，直截了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法。

[1] Now people in growing / significant numbers are beginning / coming to realize / accept / (be aware) that... 

现在越来越多的人已经开始意识到... 

[2] Now there is a growing awareness / recognition of the necessity to...

越来越多人已经意识到...的必要性 

[3] Now people become increasingly aware / conscious of the importance of ... 

现在人们已经不断地密切关注...的重要性 

[4] Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude / idea that...

是时候应该用一种新的观点(态度)来看待...了 

4. 引用法：先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法，来引出文章要展开论述的观点！

[1] "Knowledge is power." This is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people. 

“知识就是力量。”这是培根的名言，正被越来越多的人分享。 

[2] "Education is not complete with graduation." This is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion. 

“教育不应该随着毕业而结束。”这是一个著名的美国哲学家的观点，现在越来越多人分享着他的名言。 

[3] "..." We often hear statements / words like those / this.

我们经常听到这句名言... 

[4] We often hear such traditional complains as this "...". 

我们经常听到这句古训... 

5. 比较法：通过对过去、现在两种不同的倾向、观点的比较，引出文章要讨论的观点。 

[1] For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ..., people ...

多年来，普遍认为的观点是...但是现在人们正用一种新的眼光看。随着...的增长，人们还会...

[2] People used to think that ... (In the past, ...) But people now share this new idea. 

过去人们认为...，但是现在人们有了新的观点。 

6. 故事法：先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣，引出文章的主题。少用!   

[1] Once in (a newspaper), I read of / learnt... The phenomenon of ... has aroused public concern. 

曾经在报纸上我读到过这么一段事情...这个现象已经引发了强烈的关注。  

[2] I have a friend who ... Should he ...? Such a dilemma we are often confronted with in our daily life. 

我有个朋友他...他应该这样吗?此类困难在我们日常生活中一直遇到。

[3] Once upon a time, there lived a man who ... This story may be (unbelievable), but it still has a realistic significance now. 

从前有个人...这个故事也许是虚构的，但我认为现在很有现实意义。

（一）段首句

1. 关于…人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…

There are different opinions among people as to ____ . Some people suggest that ____. 

2. 俗话说(常言道)…，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 

There is an old saying______. It's the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. 

3. 现在，…，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，…；其次，…。更为糟糕的是…。 

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 

4. 现在，…很普遍，许多人喜欢…，因为…，另外(而且)…。 

Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______. 

5. 任何事物都是有两面性，…也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 

6. 关于…人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)…，在他们看来，…

People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. 

7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题…，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.

8. …已成为人们关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的争论。 

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 

9. …在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.   

10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出…。很显然…，但是为什么呢?

According to the figure / number / statistics / percentages in the / chart / bar graph / line / graph，it can be seen that ______ while. Obviously，______，but why?  

（二）中间段落句

1. 相反，有一些人赞成…，他们相信…，而且，他们认为…。 

On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___. At the same time，they say ____. 

2. 但是，我认为这不是解决…的好方法，比如…。最糟糕的是…。

But I don"t think it is a very good way to solve ____. For example，____. Worst of all，___. 

3. …对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，(也是)非常重要的。首先，…。而且…，最重要的是… 

______ is necessary and important to our country's development and construction. First，______. What's more, _____. Most important of all, ______.  

4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以…。  There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can ______ 

5. 面临…，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来…。一方面…，另一方面。 

Confronted with ______，we should take a series of effective measures to ______. For one thing，______ For another，______

6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说…，另外…。所有这些方法肯定会…。

It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____. In addition. _____. All these measures will certainly ______. 

7. 为什么…？第一个原因是…；第二个原因是…；第三个原因是…。总的来说，…的主要原因是由于… 

Why ______? The first reason is that ______ .The second reason is ______. The third is ______. For all this, the main cause of ______ due to ______. 

8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，…也有它不利的一面，像…。 

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______ also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.   

9. 尽管如此，我相信…更有利。 

Nonetheless, I believe that ______ is more advantageous.   

10. 完全同意…这种观点(陈述)，主要理由如下：  I fully agree with the statement that ______ because ______.   

（三）结尾句

1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为… 

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____. 

2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注…这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来…。 

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______. Only in this way can ______ in the future. 

3. 但是，…和…都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如，…，而…。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于(喜欢)… 

But ______ and ______ have their own advantages. For example, _____, while _____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to ______. 

4. 就我个人而言，我相信…，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为…

Personally, I believe that _____. Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ______. 

5. 随着社会的发展，…。因此，迫切需要…。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将会变得越来越好。 

With the development of society, ______. So it's urgent and necessary to ____. If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better. 

6. 至于我(对我来说，就我而言)，我认为…更合理。只有这样，我们才能…

For my part, I think it reasonable to _____. Only in this way can you _____. 

7. 对我来说，我认为有必要…。原因如下：第一，…; 第二，…;最后…但同样重要的是… 

In my opinion, I think it necessary to ____. The reasons are as follows. First _____. Second ______. Last but not least, ______. 

8. 在总体上很难说…是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于…的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现…。 

It is difficult to say whether _____ is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view find ______. 

9. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论… 

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that ____. 

10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是… 

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is _____.

Nowadays， there are more and more ____ in ____. It is estimated that ____. Why have there been so many ____? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. 

The first one is _____. Besides，_____. The third one is _____. To sum up，the main cause of it is due to _____. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing，_____. For another thing， _____. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of _____.       

 (1) 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。 

The topic of ①-----------------(主题) is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------(支持A的理由一) What is more, ③-------------(理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三). 

While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三). 

From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------(我的观点). The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .    

(2)  给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点 

Some people believe that ①----------------(观点一). For example, they think ②-----------------(举例说明). And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处). 

In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二).

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法) 

要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述。

The good old proverb ----------------(名言或谚语) reminds us that ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it. 

First of all, -----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). 

Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore, ------------------(理由三).  

要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径。  

In recent days, we have to face one problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明A的现状). Second, ---------------(举例进一步说明现状) 

Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三). 

Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处). 

这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)。 

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(A的优点之一). Besides -------------------(A的优点之二). 

But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(A的第一个缺点).To make matters worse,------------------(A的第二个缺点). 

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法). (From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测)

As is shown by the figure / percentage in the table / picture，____ has been on rise / decrease， significantly / dramatically rising / decreasing from ____ in _____ to _____ in _____. From the sharp rise / decline in the chart，it goes without saying that _____. 

There are at least two good reasons accounting for _____. In one hand，____. In the other hand， _____ is due to the fact that ______. In addition， ______ is responsible for _____. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ______. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing. 

As far as I am concerned， I hold the point of view that ______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.     

Your address, Month，Date，Year, Receiver's address

Dear …， 

I am extremely pleased to hear from you. And I would like to write a letter to tell you that _____.   … 

I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience / I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.   Best regards for your health and success.

Sincerely yours，

xxx

实用性写作（申请信）

Your address, Month, Date, Year, Receiver's address

Dear ..., 

I am extremely pleased to hear from you / to see your advertisement for the position in ... And I would like to write a letter to tell you that... / I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising. 

... / I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand, ... On the other hand, ... I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference. 

I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience. / I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience. Best regards for your health and success.   

Sincerely yours, 

xxx